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Hachimoji DNA, from the Japanese 八文字 hachimoji, meaning “eight letters”, is a synthetic nucleic acid analog. It uses four synthetic nucleotides in addition to the four present in the natural DNA. This leads to four allowed base pairs: two unnatural base pairs formed by the synthetic nucleobases in addition to the two normal pairs. The two unnatural pairs are: P binds with Z and B binds with S.
Hachimoji DNA is similar to natural DNA but differs in the number, and type, of nucleobases. An enzyme (T7 polymerase) was adapted by the researchers to be used in vitro to transcribe hachimoji DNA into hachimoji RNA, which, in turn, produced chemical activity in the form of a glowing green fluorophore.
Benefits of such a nucleic acid system may include an enhanced ability to store data, as well as insights into what may be possible in the search for extraterrestrial life.
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Hachimoji DNA, meaning “eight-letter DNA” in Japanese, is a fascinating experiment in synthetic biology. It’s a laboratory-created modification of DNA with some key differences from the natural kind:
More building blocks: Natural DNA uses four nucleotides (A, T, C, G) to store genetic information. Hachimoji DNA doubles that number, incorporating four additional synthetic nucleotides. This allows for more complex “words” and potentially holds more information per strand.
New base pairs: These eight nucleotides form four distinct base pairs, two natural (A:T and C:G) and two completely new ones made by the synthetic nucleotides. This expands the vocabulary of DNA beyond its natural limits.
Similar structure: Despite the additions, Hachimoji DNA maintains the iconic double helix structure of natural DNA. This suggests it might be compatible with some biological processes.
Potential applications: Researchers are exploring various applications for Hachimoji DNA, including:
– Increased data storage: Doubling the information density offers exciting possibilities for storing digital data using biological molecules.
– Exploring alternative life forms: Understanding how Hachimoji DNA functions could shed light on potential forms of life with different genetic codes.
– Novel biomolecules: Hachimoji principles could be used to design other functional biomolecules with specific properties.Current stage: While promising, Hachimoji DNA is still in its early stages. Researchers are currently studying its stability, interaction with enzymes, and potential for encoding and replicating information.
Overall, Hachimoji DNA represents a creative approach to pushing the boundaries of biology and exploring new possibilities for life’s building blocks. As research progresses, we might see even more surprising applications emerge from this synthetic genetic code.
Source: Gemini
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