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Pharmacogenetics is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effect of genetic factors on reactions to drugs. It involves variations in drug response due to genetic makeup. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes often varies widely among healthy people, making drug metabolism highly variable.
Pharmacogenomics, on the other hand, is the branch of genetics concerned with the way in which an individual’s genetic attributes affect the likely response to therapeutic drugs. It is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response, by correlating DNA mutations with pharmacokinetic (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination), pharmacodynamic (effects mediated through a drug’s biological targets), and/or immunogenic endpoints.
Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with regard to the patients’ genotype, to achieve maximum efficiency with minimal adverse effects. It is hoped that by using pharmacogenomics, pharmaceutical drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. Pharmacogenomics also attempts to eliminate trial-and-error in prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the effectiveness of the patient’s current or future treatments.
Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, there are differences between the two. Pharmacogenetics focuses more on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics embraces a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.
Source: Conversation with Bing, 4/11/2024
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Pharmacogenetics is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effect of genetic factors on reactions to drugs.
Pharmacogenomics is the branch of genetics concerned with the way in which an individual’s genetic attributes affect the likely response to therapeutic drugs.
Source:
https://bioinformaticshub.net/general/bioinformatics-terms-glossary/
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (often abbreviated as PGx) are closely related fields in medicine, but with some key distinctions:
Pharmacogenetics examines how variations in a single gene can impact a person’s response to a specific medication or group of medications. It’s like looking at one piece of the puzzle. Pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach. It analyzes how a patient’s entire genetic makeup, their genome, influences their response to medications. It considers the interplay of multiple genes.
Pharmacogenetics looks at a smaller scale, focusing on individual genes. Pharmacogenomics looks at the bigger picture, considering the whole genome and how different genes interact.
Both fields aim to support personalized medicine by tailoring medication selection to an individual’s unique genetic makeup. This can lead to more effective treatments with fewer side effects.
Imagine a recipe (medication) and how well it suits different chefs (people). Pharmacogenetics focuses on how a variation in one ingredient (gene) might affect how the chef prepares the dish (processes the medication). Pharmacogenomics considers how all the ingredients (genes) and the chef’s skills (other genetic factors) influence the final dish (drug response).
While pharmacogenetics provides valuable insights, pharmacogenomics offers a more comprehensive understanding of how genes work together to influence drug response.
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Pharmacogenetics is the study of polymorphisms in human genes that may be associated with drug response. The promise of pharmacogenetics is that it will enable drugs to be tailored to each individual’s own genetic makeup by optimizing the drug therapy according to the genotype of the patient. This would mean that instead of the current situation, new drugs could be specifically tailored to groups of patients, or even individual patients. This differs from the situation today, where most drugs are designed for the “average patient” and a substantial amount of the variability in drug response is unaccounted for.
Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs. What is different about pharmacogenomics is that it studies how an entire genome can affect a response to drugs, unlike pharmacogenetics which usually focuses on one gene and one drug. This knowledge can be used to predict whether a new drug will be effective for a particular patient and to help determine a safe and efficacious dose. The ultimate goal is to customize drug treatment allowing for the selection of the most beneficial treatment and avoidance of adverse drug reactions. In the future, it may be possible to use a patient’s genotype to screen for diseases they are at risk of and to use drugs to prevent the disease from occurring. This would mean a paradigm shift away from the treatment of symptoms of already established diseases.
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