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Activity-based proteomics, or activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a functional proteomic technology that uses chemical probes that react with mechanistically related classes of enzymes.
The basic unit of ABPP is the probe, which typically consists of two elements: a reactive group (RG, sometimes called a “warhead”) and a tag. The reactive group usually contains a specially designed electrophile that becomes covalently linked to a nucleophilic residue in the active site of an active enzyme. The tag may be a reporter such as a fluorophore or an affinity label such as biotin.
A major advantage of ABPP is the ability to monitor the availability of the enzyme active site directly, rather than being limited to protein or mRNA abundance. Furthermore, ABPP could be used to target specific proteins which were previously viewed as undruggable targets.
Activity-based proteomics – Wikipedia
The two techniques: gene knockout and knockdown, are methods to investigate the functions of different genes. Gene knockout completely makes the gene inoperative while gene knockdown silences the gene of interest. However, both procedures prevent the gene expression. Different agents are capable of accomplishing these two processes. Gene knockout is a type of deletion while gene knockdown is a type of inactivation.
Transposable elements (TEs) or transposons are defined as DNA sequences that are able to move from one location to another in the genome. TEs have been identified in all organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and can occupy a high proportion of a species’ genome. For example, transposable elements comprise approximately 10% of several fish species, 45% of the human genome, and up to >80% of the genome of some plants like maize.
DNA transposons consist of a transposase gene that is flanked by two Terminal Inverted Repeats (TIRs). The transposase recognizes these TIRs to perform the excision of the transposon DNA body, which is inserted into a new genomic location.
DNA Transposons: Nature and Applications in Genomics – PMC (nih.gov)